Ruston & Hornsby Ltd, of Lincoln, was  formed as the result of the merger between Ruston, Proctor & Co. Ltd and Richard Hornsby & Sons Ltd on September 11, 1918 and their  first narrow gauge diesel locomotive left the works on September 1,  1931. In the summer of 1932, production was moved to the larger Boultham Works, where the firm were eventually to become Britain's largest  builder of diesel locomotives, with over 6,500 being built by the time  production ceased in 1969. Almost as soon as the firm's 44/48HP 0-4-0  locomotives were making an appearance, an upgraded, more powerful 0-4-0  was on the drawing board.

Although many of the features of  the 44/48HP were retained for the new 80/88HP, such as the chain drive  and running gear, a new type of transmission was fitted, along with  Westinghouse airbrakes. The new power unit, Ruston's own 4VPB, delivered 80BHP at 1000rpm and was later supplanted by Ruston's improved 4VPH  that delivered 88BHP, but it required compressed air to be injected into the cylinders to be able to start. While running, an air reservoir was  kept charged via the braking system, but after standing idle for a  period the reservoir depleted and a secondary source was required to  recharge the reservoir. This was achieved by fitting a small, secondary  1½HP 'donkey' engine, giving rise to a distinctive raised cover on the  right hand side of the engine compartment that differed in size and  placement depending on the make of engine used. Two basic weight options were offered for the 80/88HP, of 17 tons and 20 tons, the difference  being achieved by attaching weights to the outside frames, as well as to the front and rear buffer beams.

In 1941, Ruston's  locomotive classifications were changed, with the 80/88HP becoming 88DS  (with the narrow gauge versions being assigned the DSM and DSN suffix,  and the broader gauges assigned DSW). Outward appearance changes to the  'standard' locomotives were mainly confined to the cab area, with  examples from mid-1947 replacing the open cab with a fully enclosed cab  that featured several ad-hoc styles of front window. The final 88DS,  518494, left Boultham Works on 29 November 1967, bringing to an end a  production run of 271 locomotives.

Ruston 421415 was built  new for the North British Distillery Co. Ltd, being delivered in March  1958 to their distillery in the Gorgie district of Edinburgh, around the period when the distillery was expanding to include the former  Edinburgh Corporation Tramways depot. In 1973, the locomotive was  donated to the fledgling Fife Railway Preservation Group, who located it at the Lochty Private Railway until its demise in 1994. 421415, now  numbered NBD No. 4, has now been restored and wears the livery of the  North British Railway.