Will this work with an aftermarket front bumper?

Yes. This bar mounts at factory points regardless of whether you run OEM or aftermarket bumper covers. The reinforcement attaches to the frame, not the bumper skin, so any bumper assembly that uses stock mounting will fit.

Do I need to remove the factory bumper to install this?

You'll need to access the mounting points behind the bumper fascia. Full bumper removal is the cleanest approach, but some installers do it with the bumper loosened and partially pulled back. Either way, allow yourself working room.

What if my factory bar is bent—can I swap this in without other damage?

If the mounting points on the frame are intact and not cracked, this bar will bolt right in. If frame damage is present, address that first. Get the frame checked before committing to this part.